As of April 1, 2010: 37,253,956, up from 33,871,648 in April 2000. As you might guess, California remains the nation's largest state.
*The size of the state's Congressional delegation will be unchanged - 53 House seats - while Texas and Florida will add a bunch of seats. While California will still have the largest delegation in the House, it's the first time since 1930 that the state did not add seats. (Capitol Alert)
**Rose Institute says it's the first time since statehood that California didn't gain seats.